Dietary supplements can seem like magic pills for good health, but are they as good as they seem?
Before starting on a regimen of supplements, Janice Hermann, Oklahoma State University Extension nutrition specialist, said consumers need to know the facts.
“Supplements are products marketed to consumers to supplement their diet,” she said. “They can help a person maintain or improve overall health. While supplements can be beneficial, there can be some risks in consuming them. And, they shouldn’t replace the foods in a healthy diet.”
The best way for a consumer to get needed nutrients is to eat a well-balanced diet, which can be challenging for some. Those who take medications that decrease their appetite, suffer from a disease that changes the way their body uses nutrients, or follow a very low-calorie diet may consider adding supplements.
“Individuals with mouth pain or issues swallowing may find it hard to consume enough foods to get the recommended amount of nutrients on a daily basis,” Hermann said. “In these cases, dietary supplements are a good thing.”
Consumers must keep in mind that more is not better. Taking supplements in large doses can be dangerous because the body stores minerals and fat-soluble vitamins. Over time, large amounts can build up in the body, which can lead to toxicity.
Unlike prescription medications, the Food and Drug Administration doesn’t have the authority to approve dietary supplements or their labeling before they are sold to the public. Under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, supplement manufacturers are responsible for ensuring the products they sell are safe and properly labeled. The FDA’s role begins once the products enter the marketplace.
Hermann said there can be risks because dietary supplements may contain ingredients that can affect the human body.
“Always be alert to the possibility of side effects from supplements that range from less serious to life-threatening, including rash, fatigue, persistent vomiting and diarrhea, joint and muscle pain, chest pain or even stroke,” Hermann said.
Consumers who think they are experiencing a side effect from a supplement should stop taking it immediately, seek medical care and report the incident to the FDA via the online Safety Reporting Portal. Consumers may also contact their local Consumer Complaint Coordinator.
It’s important to read product labels and be familiar with the ingredients. Also, talk to a healthcare professional before taking any dietary supplements.
“Simply because they’re not prescription medications doesn’t mean consumers shouldn’t read and follow the label instructions,” Hermann said. “Taking supplements can be beneficial, but they can’t take the place of a healthy, well-balanced diet.”
